The poor old dear is having another go, and indeed, methinks he doth protest too much. We should begin by imagining the ideal world of this fellow. The entire planet is a suburb of some great American city in the 1950’s, every clean and in order. It is the collective society in which everyone followed the same curriculum through college, high school and university and joined the same grey lines to the rat race. The tensions between the churches – Roman Catholic, mainline Protestant and fundamentalist – largely follow the kind of cars people have and the plants they display in their windows. In England of the 1930’s, it was the aspidistra.
The churches of that time were well-oiled financially because people attended them. They could afford to sieve the large numbers of aspirants for the priesthood and religious life. Human life was cheap and plentiful among the fortunate men who returned from World War II and the last fatal push against Nazi Germany. Individualism only began to enter the scene from the late 1960’s when the post-war order was challenged for its baseless certitudes.
What was “conversion” to Roman Catholicism? I went through it all myself as a young man of 22, partly under the influence of a zealot in London who now claims to have invented a perpetual motion machine (!) and some unpleasant experiences in the “spikey” scene in London. It seemed to me reasonable that I should begin with the catechism and a summary of the doctrines the RC Church believes. On the surface of things, it was not far from what the “spikey” churches of central London believed, but with much less discussion. We had to come to terms with authority and infallibility. So that’s where people like Hitler and Mussolini got it all from, except that the Church had not killed anyone for centuries except the odd execution here and there of a condemned criminal on Vatican territory or within the Papal States! Above all, it is not so much what is written, but a general ethos. The RC ideal is the collective. The person is as nothing compared with the collective. This is particularly pronounced in the monastic and clerical life. Take a step back, and all this is extremely shocking.
As I mentioned in an earlier article, my instincts and sense of identity clashed very strongly with the totalitarianism of the Society of St Pius X, and the official Church in England was no different. Only the rite of the liturgy was different. The old clericalism and leaven of the Pharisees remained. My break came as I began to study theology at Fribourg and take on a more critical view of Catholic theology and ideology. I found myself in the flow from Thomist realism to Idealism, and from Idealism to Russian and German Romanticism. At one time, I was tempted by Orthodoxy, but saw the same snares and traps as in Roman Catholicism. I went to Gricigliano, which in its infancy, showed a more Italian (sympathetic to English sensitivities) spirit. The show was run by French priests but who had been in Italy for many years. The spirit was quite Oratorian in some ways, and this gave me a lot of hope. Italians are “natural” Roman Catholics. Americans are caricatures, and John Bruce’s notion of selection and screening candidates for orders is a notion that is entirely soaked in the American corporate management ethos. In a small Italian diocese, a man is recommended by his parish priest, accepted by the Bishop, and then sent to Rome for studies, finished off in a parish and ordained. It is more like an apprenticeship than a modern corporate process.
He does have a point in that Anglicans usually make poor Roman Catholics, because we have a totally different ethos – which is nothing to do with dogmas and catechism articles. It is like expecting an artist to serve in the army or the civil service. Values and sense of identity are totally different. Some Anglicans like Fr Dwight Longenecker, Cardinal Manning and some others were able to erase their Anglican experience. Others like Fr Montgomery-Wright transposed their Anglicanism onto French country parish life. It was picturesque, but the local Bishop tolerated it and French people have a taste for the exotic. Each found his way and stuck at it. I didn’t. In the end, I wandered off into “vagante land” and found my way into the TAC and then to the ACC. I think I understand Bruce’s reasoning about not converting unless you’re going to “do it properly”. It is a big decision in life, and I paid very dearly for my own poorly founded conversion.
What is really necessary is for institutional churches to stop alienating their own faithful and clergy. But ideology prevails and the only option that remains is to go the way of “schsim-atic” groups like the Old Catholics and continuing Anglicans. I don’t think many of us believe that only our “little group” has “got it right”. No human institution is perfect. We are where we are because we have no alternative and wish to continue as Christians rather than surrender to the atheist-materialist world. Perhaps some of our earlier bishops had something in common with cult gurus, but those days are over. People don’t follow a bishop because he has been validly consecrated, but because a Christian community elected him and asked a Church to consecrate him. This is now the difference. The G4 are now showing the characteristics of a Church: college of bishops, each bishop with a diocese (territorial or “personal”) containing priests and parishes (even if they number only “two or three gathered in my name”). When those criteria are met, we are in the presence of the Catholic Church – no need for Roman totalitarianism!
Whether we live or die is in God’s hands. Each of us will die one day, and our faith and life ideals will give that event some sense in the afterlife for which we hope and yearn. I would prefer what I do in this life to serve humanity in a hundred years’ time, but I doubt it will. Things will be situated at another level, and I believe that this world isn’t the only one. There will be seven or seventy heavens or levels of universes that we cannot imagine in this life. This is the limit of John Bruce’s corporately managed church, a body to which I would not aspire to belong – any more than convert to Islam!
John Bruce yearns for authority and infallibility. I don’t. I yearn for the transcendent and the divine which is in me and in everything I know. This is what sanctifies and perfects what is faulty and defective in what we know. Many of the French Romantics were precursors of the Ultramontanist movement – but not the Germans or the English. The Oxford Movement had some things in common with Bonald and Le Maistre, with Dom Guéranger, and yearned for the infallible Pope. Newman did not, and ascribed primacy to the informed conscience.
I too notice the anomaly in the English Ordinariate in that some were aping modern Roman Catholicism (with a little less tackiness) for years, and that prayers from the Book of Common Prayer are something “new”. I met them in Oxford, and they were courteous or even friendly in my regard. If they are working in the Lord’s vineyard, who am I to judge? In the non-English RC world, there are plenty of different religious orders, traditionalists, SSPX, seminaries like Wigratzbad and Gricigliano, right-wing political groups, various philosophical ideas, and diversity has become a fact of life. There are plenty of these groups to which I would never belong, any more than the Orthodox convert scene, but some find their way in them. Diversity and freedom are a fact of life, and I am thankful for it.
The G4 and the PNCC? We will see what happens in time. Perhaps some bishops are already busy with “horse trading” and exchanging proposals for intercommunion agreements. It is a start. For John Bruce, it is all about men my age trying to tie up the loose ends to get a good retirement or an alcoholic in full delusion. Maybe with some. My own prospects are bleak (for retirement), because I am a non-stipendiary priest and work as a translator. But, at least I am not an alcoholic!!! I prefer to believe that I have some spiritual ideals. The PNCC has a very different ethos from our own. They are quite 1970’s Novus Ordo with a bit of Polish popular piety. We tend to be a little more medievalist (and it’s not because of the goddam trains – choo! choo!) but I hope something can be worked out in a paradigm of diversity. Bishop Flemestad and the NCC is much closer to our medievalist paradigm through their Bishop’s having been a Lutheran pastor.
Carry on, Mr Bruce, I don’t understand you completely, but you certainly encourage me to reflect on many of my own ideas, and comprehend why it all went so wrong for me personally. We are all indeed called to discern spirits, and St Ignatius of Loyola had some great ideas like being peaceful and in prayer in order to judge whether something is right and whether we are deluded by the Evil One. We need to be challenged, and this is why I don’t pass off this old curmudgeon as a crank (he calls me a crank) and ignore him. He laps up my writings like the cat with a pot of cream, so perhaps some good is being done.
* * *
Update: Ordinariate Stew or the American Melting Pot.
John Bruce ends this article by saying that I and others in Canada and England (it is not difficult to imagine who is being aimed at) misunderstand the American way of life. Do I? I always believed that the continent that became independent from the British and French empires was designed to be a new world, a part of the world where Europeans escaping persecution could find freedom and a new way of life. The American Constitution was largely based on the French declaration of human rights of 1789 and English statute law. It was (is) a republic that is in itself a secular and religiously neutral entity, whilst respecting the freedom of all religions within the bounds of public order. It doesn’t seem difficult to me.
Knowing something of human nature, the strongest would prevail over the particularities of the hundreds and thousands of ethnic groups immigrating into America from the beginning. Though many ethnical groups have retained a strong sense of identity, most became absorbed into the secular system and economic liberalism. The USA resisted socialism for a very long time, but it is gradually taking over. The result is and will become even more so a reproduction of the old Europe and the new world order (whatever that means). Culture has to disappear, as must learning and the old humanist tradition, to prepare a world resembling the dystopian novel of George Orwell.
I have been to the USA four times, the first time in 1998. Perhaps the first time gave me more of a view of mainstream American life in Maryland, Washington DC and a visit by hired car to Amish country in Pennsylvania. Official America gives a sense of foreboding, and ordinary people give a sense of friendliness and welcome to the foreigner with the funny British accent. The contrast is striking. In a supermarket, they will put your purchases into a bag for you. Here in Europe, there is more of a sense that they just don’t care about anything. I can see how religion survived that little bit longer, and differs between the Yankees and the Confederates.
What are the implications for religious questions? As far as I see it, there is a choice:
- Complete diversity of culture and ethnical identities. The break from Rome by the PNCC was caused by the lack of respect for Polish culture.
- Complete levelling and the abolition of diversity to form a mixture of all cultures by abolishing culture itself.
We in England tend to take the mickey out of Americans by talking of their lack of culture and general ignorance, in some cases not knowing that England was separated from the European continent by the English Channel! American tourists in England are the butt of many jokes. John Bruce seems to confirm this idea by promoting a kind of sterilised Catholicism without any diversity or cultural freedom. It is a corporation like any other, or like the secular authorities, and the only important thing is its pragmatic viability, money, numbers. Fine, good luck to him. I would not want to live in America.
Thankfully, I think there must be some Americans who think differently, who refuse The Matrix or some of the other nightmares imagined by movie producers. I have known Americans who have spent time here in Europe to study and learn about our cultures. Perhaps John Bruce understands less about America than I do, even if my knowledge of that nation’s Constitution is only notional. Many Europeans have been to America, like Tocqueville, to learn about how the Enlightenment and doctrines of human rights can be made to improve our world and the human condition. I would say that one of these intuitions has been true religious freedom.
* * *
Update: Oh dear! What would the Fathers say? – said a former Provost of the London Oratory if he found something not quite in order. I seem to have stirred quite a hornet’s nest here, going by his reaction – as evident in his writings (he accurately states that I am not in a position to psychoanalyse him – no need).
There is nothing of substance in this article named Late-Stage Schism And The Law Of Gravity. He seems to have fallen quite low himself. Perhaps he feels in need of psychoanalysis, but really, I would advise him to go to someone more local, qualified, and above all expensive. He’ll only get what he pays for.
I am all for American life being extremely diverse, but the same goes for religion. I don’t know how things will turn out for the G4 and the PNCC. I hope and pray for the best, but it might all come to nothing.
Best to get to a place where you can find sound teaching and valid sacraments.
He could apply Apostolicae Curae to the most unlikely ordinations, and conclude that nothing is valid anywhere.
Our friend should now engage men like Fr Anthony Cekada – or forever hold his peace.
The Blue Flower 
I’m afraid my stewardship of time and energy (however wobbly at best) is unlikely to make me Brucean enough to discover for myself whether ‘schsim’ is a mere typo, or, like, say, ‘Grauniad’, has been playfully rendered a term of art – by Mr. Bruce or another: with (if appropriate) apologies for being a plodder, may I beg you to enlighten us?
“What is really necessary is for institutional churches to stop alienating their own faithful and clergy.” What a superb distillation of the current situation – and, I wonder, current for how long, now, or how recurrent? (E.g., was that largely the case throughout Newman’s lifetime – and tergiversations, insofar as they may be so called? And, would it sum up the Western Schism pretty finely, too? And, what of the Moscow Patriarchate from the declaration of Sergius on 26 July 1927 – “Every blow directed against the [Soviet] Union…we regard as a blow directed against us” – until that Union’s collapse… and after?) Not to lure you to merchandising with an eye your retirement funds, but I’d wear a T-shirt with that quiet, sharp apophthegm on it – and large Church gatherings with dozens so clad would be a gratifying sight; nothing ‘collectivist’, but (mutatis mutandis) in the spirit of numerous chaps proclaiming, ‘I am Spartacus!’ one after the other.
I had already delighted the other day in beginning to reflect upon Fr. John Hunwicke’s ‘Newman and “The Anglican Patrimony”‘ remarks which Mr. Bruce here commends to our attention:
“I am very much tempted to think that Ordinariate members should see themselves, not as ‘former Anglicans’, but as ‘Anglicans’, yet more proudly qualifying that already proud term by the phrase ‘in full communion with the Holy See’.
“I gather Melkites rather like calling themselves ‘Orthodox in communion with Rome’.”
One thought arising was possible play with the long, rich history of the description ‘Ecclesia Anglicana’ – and all that I do not know yet about ‘Anglo-Papalist’ understandings of the English Reformation self-perception as (dare I say) ‘a continuing Church’. But what is Mr. Bruce’s understanding of the ecclesiology of (so to vary it) ‘full Communion with the Holy Father’, that he can say, ” I am lucky that circumstances will almost certainly prevent me from ever getting within an ocean and a continent of this guy”?
This article and that of today are so indicative of what he believes to be the American way. I think I have shown a good degree of understanding of the “melting pot” ideology, America’s answer to Soviet conformity and loyalty to the Party. I believe that the USA was intended to allow cultures, families and individual persons to thrive – not only financially and in business but also in terms of faith and culture. The Amish still speak German, as do the thousands of Jewish families who fled Nazi Germany and persecution. Bruce would have them speak American English.
Indeed, he despises English priests and the very institutions the Pope of his Church of adoption approved and set up. Frankly, if I were American, I would be ashamed to have such a hateful personality as a compatriot. As I said in my article, there are many enlightened Americans, and America was a great idea in the hands and minds of the Founding Fathers. The idea of the USA becoming the Fourth Reich with its Deep State and the Bush dynasty truly frightens me. Perhaps John Bruce would be the one appointed to torture us with a cage of starved rats over our heads! I have my concerns but I’m glad not to be one of the 2% of Americans who believe the earth is flat…
Tangentially, Orwell may have got the rats in 1984 from what the Dutch Reformed officials did in trying to get confessions out of suspected Catholics: see Henk van Nierop’s Treason in the Northern Quarter: War, Terror, and the Rule of Law in the Dutch Revolt (Princeton UP, 2016) – though it calls for a strong stomach (assuming the abridged translation has the things I read in the Dutch original).
One of my great uncles still went to German-language services, where I come from (which may still be conducted, but I’m out of touch) – but the three local Welsh-language newspapers had died out long before I was born (alas)… I learned as much Yiddish as I know from an American at Oxford…
The Americans are a young nation…after having done everything they can to support and fund subversion abroad, now they seek certainty at home. Perhaps, the contradiction was there from the beginning, but it is only now in the 20th/21st centuries that it comes to the fore. I wish they had remained isolationists, or perhaps was that only a myth?
Bonald was emphatically not a Romantic. He sought to formalise the constitution of the Ancien Regime as the pattern of all societies – a hierarchical society within a more or less laissez-faire system that was based on and limited by the fundamental laws of conservation. He is not advocating sovereignty as it came to be understood from Bodin and Hobbes onwards. On the contrary, he seeks to ground the autonomy of man in the obedience to the laws of his own self-conservation, which is willed by God and relayed by the monarch, and the orders within society. His views on political obligation are not dissimilar from those of Rousseau and Kant, but he seeks to avoid the petitio principi implied in popular sovereignty, and, instead, grounds it on divine sovereignty. He is pretty indifferent to the type of discussions on the “form of government” that we find in Montesquieu – his is a social version of “salus animorum suprema lex est” . Maistre is the Romantic one, he thinks in certainly more “absolute” terms than Bonald, is less systematic and therefore is stylistically superior. We do not find the extreme decisionism of Maistre in the works of Bonald, for whom the fundamental laws, as the expression of God’s will and love, remain paramount. Of course, they were friends and there are areas where their thought meets – for example, in the diagnosis of the causes of the Revolution and the like. But Bonald certainly migrated from a moderate Gallican position to an ultramontane one, but it remained at the level of his opinions and did not really affect his system. All in all, he is closer to Bossuet than he is to Maistre, though he was influenced by the latter.
*animarum
The struggle is nonetheless real for those who remain in the mainstream institutional churches. I am lucky to be able to lead my life in a way such that the clerical establishment has little power over me and my choices but I can imagine how difficult it must be for individual-minded clerics who want to live their vocations with integrity and fidelity to tradition. Assuming juridical functions is not the norm for the Church – at least, ought not to be – for it is not primarily a juridical society. Unfortunately, the Roman Church has been following the path that we know, and the extension of the juridical aspect to the very contents of the faith and of the liturgy (the “Magisterium”) was inevitable.
The people I haven’t read, yet – or even read about – thanks for this!
I got a translation of Joseph de Maistre’s Considérations sur la France (1834 ed. 2) nine months ago, but feel tempted to ‘jump it’ to the front of the queue, now!
Just did: fascinating, so far (into chapter 2)! (And a very interesting intro by the translator, Roeland Audenaerde, who appears to be, among other things, a Bonald scholar!)
If the Wikipediast can be trusted, it looks like I’m not going to get to read much Bonald free online in English, though this linked collection looks generally interesting – Catholic Political Thought, 1789-1848, “selected, with an Introduction, and biographical notes” by Béla Menczer (University of Notre Dame Press, 1962):
https://archive.org/details/catholicpolitica00menc
It strikes me that John Bruce (whom I only know through this blog) is just as materialistic and pharisaical as most RC traditionalists whom I’ve known over the years. Theirs is a utopian, worldly ideal; the Church of Rome manifested as the sheer, coercive, theocratic institution of the Middle Ages laying down the law for everyone, and rooting out dissidence with smoke and force. I knew one priest in that ilk who pined for the days of the Papal States! Looking back, I wonder whether his attachment to the “traditional” Latin Mass was not just the by-product of this fantasy, an issue totally peripheral to Christ’s teaching, which renders unto Caesar and whose kingdom is not of this world.
Fr Anthony, why do you keep responding to John Bruce? You seem to be polar opposites. Does he think you’re his nemesis or something?
To reply to your last question, the answer is in your first sentence. I don’t know really what he thinks about me, other than my being a “crank”, but the antithesis is a good way of making progress if you follow Hegel’s theory. He would certainly like the USA to become a Roman Catholic theocracy with someone like Franco or cigar-smoking Pinochet and the firing squads. Maybe that would be too Latino and colourful. Perhaps a grey bureaucracy in suits run by a computer…
De Tocqueville’s letters home are marvellous – I need to restart his most famous book, as i got distracted last time I tried, just after reading those vivid, thoughtful letters (very interesting on Catholic experience and perceptions before the bigger incorporations of Spanish-speakers and waves of Irish, German, Italian, Polish, etc. immigrants).
I have also enjoyed George Grant’s thoughts as a Canadian (political) philosopher on past differences and so lingering possibilities for older English pre-Enlightenment and pre-Revolutionary French traditions, there, though in practice Canada seems too often to have embraced retrogressive ‘progressive’ and illiberal ‘liberal’ ways faster and more thoroughly than the Great Republic in recent decades (alas).
Yes, Tocqueville is an interesting one. I actually tend towards his view of liberty but I do realise it does not mean anything in terms of contemporary politics. I used to think that a certain aristocratic liberalism and republicanism survived in Switzerland, even after the fall of La Serenissima, but now, I am not so sure. We must not forget that the old liberalism was mostly political and economic, its defenders would probably not recognise their ideas in the progressive and cultural-left hodgepodge we’ve come to describe as “liberal”. Andorra? San Marino?
“The American Constitution was largely based on the French declaration of human rights of 1789 and English statute law.”
The US Constitution was formulated at a “constitutional convention” that met from 25 May 1787 to 17 September of that year. It was adopted by the required nine of the thirteen states then constituting the United States by 21 June 1788, and came into effect on 4 March 1789; the last of the thirteen states to ratify it was Rhode Island, on 29 May 1790. The French “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” was promulgated on 27 August 1789, and so came later. English statute law did indeed play a role in the formulating of the US Constitution, but more influential was post-1689 English Whig political/constitutional theory. The US Bill of Rights, however, the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, were formulated in September 1789 (and ratified in December 1791) in order to induce the remaining two states (North Carolina and Rhode Island) to ratify it. Much of it follows, at times closely, the wording of the “English Bill of Rights” of 1689, which despite its title, is a “mere” statute (most of which remains in force, although parts of it have subsequently been altered or repealed).
Many thanks for the correction of an obvious blunder on my part. This certainly explains why the American notion of religious freedom is radically different from the French one. I’ll read a little “crash course”.
One might also mention ‘intermediate’ French contributions like those derived from Montesquieu (1689-1755) and the Swiss Frenchman (?) under Prussian rule, Emer(ich) de Vattel (1714-67).
Just encountered this:
http://thefederalist.com/2018/05/24/whats-wrong-using-solely-reason-undergird-political-philosophy/
after reaching de Maistre’s distinction of the young American republic from the French claimant to being a ‘great republic’, which makes similar points to ones made here, e.g., “Our nation has prospered from a heritage that includes some Adam Smith and John Locke, but also a lot of Christianity, some classical influences, and a long history of common law and representative self-government. […] Americans rejected George III and his parliament less out of revolutionary ideology than out of a determination to preserve a heritage of ordered liberty against encroachment.”